Henry Dampier

On the outer right side of history

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March 19, 2015 by henrydampier 15 Comments

Book Review: Beauty: A Very Short Introduction


This is going to be the first book from Roger Scruton that I’m going to tackle. It’s a roughly 200 page philosophical inquiry on the nature of beauty, its history in art, and the modern tendency to desecrate it. Although this is a book with a lot of advanced references, it’s something that would be great to give to a child probably around ages 8-12 who has a precocious interest in art.

There’s also a companion documentary that Scruton produced for the BBC, which I’ll probably cover in a separate post.

American conservatives tend to focus more on ideology than aesthetics, and that surrenders the artistic realm entirely to the narrative of the modernists and post-modernists. If you take almost any Art History course in America, for example, you will learn to disdain beauty as a relic of the past, and learn a narrative diametrically opposed to the sensibility which Scruton offers in this short text on aesthetics.

As a quick note, you might want to buy the print edition instead of the Kindle one. This contains many reproductions of famous paintings, and unless you’ve memorized all of them already or have a computer handy to look them up, you might prefer the hardcover.

Scruton:

The pleasure in beauty is [contemplative], feeding upon the presented form of its object, and constantly renewing itself from that source.

My pleasure in beauty is therefore like a gift offered to the object, which is in turn a gift offered to me. In this respect it resembles the pleasure that people experience in the company of their friends.

Beauty is often matched with a sense of the sacred. Sacred places must be defended against desecration:

Sacred things are removed, held apart and untouchable — or touchable only after purifying rites. They owe these features to the presence, in them, of a supernatural power — a spirit which has claimed them as its own. In seeing places, buildings, and artefacts as sacred we project on to the material world the experience that we receive from each other, when embodiment becomes a ‘real presence’, and we perceive the other as forbidden to us and untouchable. Human beauty places the transcendental subject before our eyes and within our grasp. It affects us as sacred things affect us, as something that can be more easily profaned than possessed.

On the same page he transitions into the historic veneration of virginity among Christians and a variety of other cultures:

The sense of prohibition does not extend only to children. Indeed… it is integral to mature sexual feeling. It underlies the deep respect for virginity that we encounter, not only in classical and Biblical texts, but in literatures of almost all the articulate religions. There are no greater tributes to human beauty than the medieval and Renaissance images of the Holy Virgin: a woman whose sexual maturity is expressed in motherhood and who yet remains untouchable, barely distinguishable, as an object of veneration, from the child in her arms.

When modern people devalue virginity as something useless or to be held in contempt, it also undoes much of our proper conception of what beauty is. The marriage ritual, for example, becomes vulgar and materialistic when the bride has been around the block several times or has been living in sin with the groom. It loses all of its aesthetic relevance, and no amount of money that the bride’s family spends on open sushi bars can change that fundamental disruption.

Scruton also addresses the Dadaists at length:

The argument is eagerly embraced, because it seems to emancipate people from the burden of culture, telling them that all these venerable masterpieces can be ignored with impunity, that TV soaps are ‘as good as’ Shakespeare and Radiohead the equal of Brahms, since nothing is better than anything and all claims to aesthetic value are void. The argument therefore chimes with the fashionable forms of cultural relativism, and defines the point from which university courses in aesthetics tend to begin — and as often as not the point at which they end.

In Democracy, also, people are discouraged from criticizing one another’s tastes, even though the disharmonious aesthetic sensibility of any one community member can disrupt that sense of the rest. Whether it’s an unmowed lawn, an ugly pink flamingo, or a bad paint job, the aesthetic choices of individuals and groups have an impact on everyone else. People often inflict their private tastes on the public realm.

Venus of Urbino - Titian, 1538
Venus of Urbino – Titian, 1538

Much of modern art is a project of the desecration of the sacred and the beautiful. Scruton writes that

Desecration is a kind of defence against the sacred, an attempt to destroy its claims. In the presence of sacred things our lives are judged and in order to escape that judgment we destroy the thing that seems to accuse us.

We see this especially in how modern Western women tend to behave. Scruton says that pornography inherently degrades its subjects, and makes a persuasive argument to that end. And as anyone who is familiar with today’s girls can tell you, most of them enjoy making pornography of themselves to both attract admirers and devalue their own charms. Obesity, slovenly dress, piercings, and tattoos can also be seen as willful desecrations of the body, which was once held to be more sacred than it is now.

Kitsch is a mould that settles over the entire works of a living culture, when people prefer the sensuous trappings of belief to the thing truly believed in. It is not only Christian civilization that has undergone kitschification in recent times.

…

It is no accident that the arrival of kitsch on the stage of history coincided with the hitherto unimaginable horrors of trench warfare, of the holocaust and the Gulag — all of them fulfilling the prophecy that kitsch proclaims, which is the transformation of the human being into a doll, which in one moment we cover with kisses, and in the next moment tear to shreds.

…

That is why art matters. Without the conscious pursuit of beauty we risk falling into a world of addictive pleasures and routine desecration, a world in which the worthwhileness of human life is no longer clearly perceivable.

The internet, of course, has been an enormous engine that has elevated kitsch of the most degraded sort to a higher position than its early promoters could have ever imagined.

Scruton closes the book by saying that

…Beauty is vanishing from our world because we live as though it did not matter; and we live that way because we have lost the habit of sacrifice and are striving always to avoid it. The false art of our time, mired in kitsch and desecration, is one sign of this.

Kitsch is of course the art form beloved of our contemporary taste-makers. It’s almost impossible to find anything which isn’t kitsch, and people who endeavor to avoid it find themselves marginalized and mocked.

So we have made a world in which very little is true or sacred, and anything that is holy is under continuous mockery and attack. Much of this sensibility comes from the pervasive influence of postmodernism emanating from every computer, television, newspaper, magazine, and radio in the land. People develop addictions to pleasurable fantasies available on tap, to the neglect of reality, which becomes uglier and more profane by the hour. People feel the urge to debase themselves and to debase the people around them, to use them as objects, rather than respecting them as subjects.

Modern people are attempting to escape from the burden of culture:

Culture emerges from our attempt to settle on standards that will command the consent of people generally, while raising their aspirations towards the goals that make people admirable and lovable. Culture therefore represents an investment over many generations, and imposes enormous and by no means clearly articulated obligations — in particular, the obligation to be other and better than we are, in all the ways that others might appreciate. Manners, morals, religious precepts and ordinary decencies train us in this, and they form the central core of any culture. But they are necessarily concerned with what is common and easily taught.

So we see most people, even and perhaps especially in the political and mercantile elite, who try to scoot out from their obligations to maintain culture. Not all do this, but most do more damage by dumping enormous amounts of money into postmodern vulgarity, accelerating the destruction of our cultural heritage rather than shoring it up. The embrace of ugliness, bad manners, and mass-production culture destroys the ability of people to cooperate both within a country and between countries. It also depletes our sense of moral standards.

People have become frightened away from judging one another. It’s considered pious to progress to say that you “don’t judge,” especially about such aesthetic details as unkempt hair, dirty clothing, obesity, and elastic waistbands. People avoid the feeling of shame that would come if they acknowledged the proper hierarchy of aesthetics. In democracy, it’s difficult to maintain that, because of all the proclamations about equality.

It would also be interesting to throw this book at Objectivists and see what they have to say — predictably, they hate it. Some quick searching shows that there have been some shots exchanged between the Randians and Scruton.

In general, secularists have a compulsion to desecrate the sacred, so they tend to have stunted aesthetic sensibilities as a consequence. This book’s theoretical explanation of beauty helps to explain why this must necessarily be the case.

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March 5, 2015 by henrydampier 8 Comments

Book Review: The Diversity Illusion


Lax immigration policy has enriched the United Kingdom with millions of immigrants from Asia and Africa over the last half-century, to almost universal acclaim across the acceptable spectrum of elite political opinion. In the process, diversity has become, like it has in the US, the prime spiritual point of a new secular religion.

Ed West, who recently referenced our old friend Moldbug, wrote a book on the topic, concludes that many of the negative consequences have been overlooked.

I started reading Moldbug for the first time this week. we’re through the rabbit hole now, people

— Ed West (@edwest) January 21, 2015

In the introduction, he writes:

While Christianity was in steep decline, many of its values had seamlessly evolved into the new secular moral order.

Central to those values was the idea that racism was not only wrong, but the very worst evil… Racism was not just illogical and unscientific, it was a sin, and the gravest sin; while diversity, the love of foreigners, the highest virtue. Racism was to us what sexual impropriety was to the Victorians, the wrong around which we defined our moral worth; this would make rational discussion of issues involving immigration and its after effects very difficult.

Through the course of the book, West often references Enoch Powell, his ‘Rivers of Blood‘ speech from 1968, and the subsequent hounding of Powell from polite society.

England, like other countries which have embraced multiculturalism and mass immigration, faces the prospect of seeing its native population become a minority without seeing an armed invasion. West notes that, even though the original immigration policy was focused on economic benefits, the small number of initial immigrants brought in their family members. The shift in the character of the country has been stunning (p. 29):

In 1951 only 3 per cent of the population had been born outside the UK, and this included half a million Irish — Britain was still, despite the turbulence of a conflict that had shaken the world, much the same. In 1949 only a further 39 Jamaicans came over.

In Britain, similar to the US, almost the entire professorial class is left-wing, and aims to pull the entire culture leftwards to it. Although tabloid newspapers in the country appear to be superficially right-wing, they have almost no political influence. Further, churches in the UK are almost universally pro-diversity, even when many of the immigrants are Islamic (p. 65):

The moralisation of diversity is reflected in the fact that almost across the board churches in the West are pro-immigration, even though their congregations are not (in the US self-described Christians are more hostile to immigration than non-believers). In a sense secular universalism has grown on and replaced Christianity, which is also universalist and stresses sacrifice for the sake of humanity, although in Christianity altruism is voluntary, and comes with heavenly rewards…

The increase in diversity has also put stress on the welfare state in the country, as people tend to oppose welfare policies more when they believe that the transfer payments go to people who are fundamentally unlike them. This is one of the reasons why popular propaganda often seeks to display minority groups as having similar values and lifestyles to that of the shrinking majority — because otherwise, that majority will tend to become hostile to redistribution.

West defines the titular ‘diversity illusion’ (p.99):

The diversity illusion rests on the premise that humans will abandon nations, ethnic groups, or religious communities for wider loyalties, yet greater diversity probably has the opposite effect. In-groups and out-groups of race and tribe are contextual, and affected by demography. A lone Asian boy in a school of whites, or a lone Protestant in a school of Catholics, will not form an out-group, nor even will a small sprinking of minorities; he’ll be an exotic curiosity.

The increase in diversity heightens ethnic and religious consciousness, because the experience of more and more people becomes that of friction between mutually unintelligible groups. Various governments have also deluded themselves into believing that they can change the fundamental characteristics of various ethnic groups — believing that middle classes can be commanded into being by a clever policy tweak or two.

The author also tackles the comedy of ‘British values’ and ‘European values,’ which tends to stand for ‘diversity’ and ‘inclusiveness’ rather than what those terms actually once used to mean. Promotion of these values tends to instead encourage what’s called Islamic radicalism (p.155):

[When referring to British values] they were primarily talking of the right to contraception, abortion, and gay marriage, yet all of these are novelties, and to millions of Britons they are questionable ones. In contrast conservatives who admire Islam’s strong family values, modesty, and respect for the elderly compare it with British society’s increasing consumerism, sexualisation and child abandonment….

If a culture is defined by its decadence, is integration a triumph or a failure? When Muslim girls catch chlamydia at school and Muslim boys are being treated for cirrhosis of the liver in their 20s, will we celebrate the victory of Britishness?

It would be easy to mistake the term ‘British values’ for enthusiasm for sodomy, gender re-assignment surgery, and drug addiction, rather than the values espoused by the King James Bible and Shakespeare.

The diversity policy, in part, defends itself with what amount to new laws against blasphemy — these laws are euphemized by the term ‘hate speech.’

Over the course of the book, West also discusses how the Labour party and the broader left abandoned the white working class in favor of a coalition of minorities and grievance groups. Peter Hitchens has also written much on this topic.

The key argument that West makes which will be of interest to you is on page 220:

For forty years conservatives lost the arguments over immigration, despite overwhelming public support. They lost because they lost the intellectual justification for group solidarity and restricted altruism against post-war radical universalism, to the extent that normal human feelings were redefined as forms of mental illness. But Islam allowed conservatives to make arguments using language that liberals would permit.

One novel observation, at least to me, was that the internet also facilitates ethnic fragmentation among immigrant groups. For example, communities from Turkey can immigrate to the UK and behave almost exactly as if they were in Turkey, because they can beam down the entire Turkish media experience from the internet. They can socialize entirely within other groups of Turks and otherwise have almost no contact with the surrounding society.

In this way, immigrants behave like ‘reverse colonists,’ or rather, just like regular colonists, but without formal authorization. This has had devastating impacts on the security of the country, not to mention to the pride and happiness of its inhabitants.

Britons have found that their native country has turned into a typical Islamic slave-raiding territory, much like Slavic and Mediterranean countries were until Europe found its strength in the late pre-modern period.

This book will probably not be edgy enough for some of you — for example, it looks at mores were before the war, what they were after the war, but does not go into detail about the inflection point and what caused it. But this is one of its virtues, also, because it makes the book easy to recommend to moderates on both the left and the right, such as your likely family members and co-workers.

If you’re curious about some of the reasons why Britain is such a disaster zone, this text goes a long way towards explaining it and why the arguments underlying the diversity myth are faulty, without resorting to language which might set off the alarm bells in the mind of a normal Westerner who has been acculturated into the moral system which holds diversity to be the highest good.

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February 26, 2015 by henrydampier 5 Comments

Book Review: Top Ten Reasons We’re Fat

Americans are incredibly fat by historical standards. Genetics alone can’t explain why obesity and other health problems related to the condition have become endemic.

Over the last decade or so, a major source of skepticism towards official narratives of all kinds — especially that of state science — has been in the area of nutrition, diet, and exercise. The discrediting of the notion that diets which are high in fat cause obesity has made it into the New York Times repeatedly, and official guidelines are being ‘revised.’

This book, written by P.D. Mangan, explains ten causes of obesity and what to do about them. It’s a slim book that weighs in at $0.99, and you can probably finish it over the course of a couple lunch breaks.

One passage grounds some of the more recent low-carb dieting advice in the case of an English undertaker from the mid-19th century who wrote a best-selling tract about how he lost weight:

Banting lost 50 pounds in his first year on the diet [consisting mainly of meat, vegetables, wine, and… a generous allowance for other forms of dry liquor, like gin and whiskey…] Naturally, the mainstream medics of the time despised a layman figuring out something they should have figured out for themselves, and denounced him at every turn. But many people bought his book because his diet was effective for weight loss.

Another curious historical observation is that, before the 20th century, standing desks were ubiquitous in offices.

The general outlook of the book is that, while exercise doesn’t directly help people to lose weight due to the practical difficulty involved in resisting hunger, exercise which increases muscle mass (like high intensity interval training or weight lifting), thereby improving your base metabolic rate.

Changing the composition of what you eat, favoring proteins and fats over carbohydrates and sugars, also makes it into the book without relying on too many trendy diet buzzwords.

This is further grounded in observations of how diets of different compositions affect different species of animals. This was even observed by naturalists and epicureans in the late 18th century. Quoting from a book titled The Physiology of Taste:

…carnivorous animals  never grow fat (consider wolves, jackals, birds of prey, crows, etc.) Herbivorous animals do not grow fat easily, or at least until age has reduced them to a state of inactivity, but they fatten very quickly as soon as they began to be fed on potatoes, grain, or any kind of flour… The second of the chief causes of obesity is the floury and starchy substances which man makes the prime ingredients of his daily nourishment. As we have said already, all animals that live on farinaceous food grow fat willy-nilly, and man is no exception to the universal law.

Like Mangan’s previous book on supplements, this is packed with citations for other books that you can follow. His stated motivation for writing it was because he was tired of the enormous number of faddish diet books which are not well grounded in either realism with respect to compliance (few people can ignore hunger pangs) or a good assessment of what actually makes people fat.

Both of his books are on Kindle Unlimited, so you can grab them both at no extra charge if you’re a subscriber.

The other pleasant aspect of it is that it gets straight to business, without coming up with any cute buzzwords, imaginary characters, or non-representative case studies involving fictional characters that the author has concocted to make the book more interesting.

While there is a lot here that you might already be familiar with if you have read other books involving paleo or low carb dieting, this is a good concise, realistic source of information that you can keep for yourself as a reference or hand off to someone who might need it.

Mangan is also a jolly fellow who speaks often with other figures in the Dark Enlightenment (especially on the topic of human biodiversity), so your dollar will be going into the pocket of a fellow traveler if you choose to buy this book.

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